Thanks for your participation! Just for showing up, you've earned a $10 Amazon gift card.
You will now play a game where you and your team can earn up to $30 based on how well you play.
You are the leader of your team.
You will be playing against the leader of an opposing team.
In the game, you will earn units that will be converted to real money at the end of the game.
Since your decisions affect how much money your team earns, you are also responsible
for your how much money your followers receive at the end of the game.
Note, you cannot use the "back" button during the study
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Teams and the War Chest
In the game, your team will be matched with an opposing team.
Your team will play against the same opposing team throughout the game.
Since you are the leader, you will play against the other team's leader.
Each team starts with a war chest that has 1000 units.
A Round
The game consists of a set of rounds.
The exact number of rounds is chosen randomly.
At the beginning of each round, 100 units will be added to your team's war chest.
The opposing team will dispute your right to keep your new units.
As the leader of your team, you and the leader of the opposing team will then enter negotiations over whether you can keep your units.
Negotiations
At the start of negotiations, the leader of the opposing team may demand some of your newly added units.
You may choose between two possible actions:
Action 1: You may offer some of your new units to your opponent.
(a) If your offer is less than or equal to your opponent's demand, you keep 100 units, minus your offer.
(b) If your offer is more than your opponent's demand, there is a deadlock, which we describe on the next screen.
OR
Action 2: You may start a war with your opponent.
(a) The winner of the war is determined by chance.
(b) The winning team receives all 100 units.
(c) The losing team receives no units.
(d) Both teams pay a cost of war equal to 20 units.
The leader of the opposing team may also start a war instead of making a demand.
Deadlock
During negotiations, if you offer fewer units than your opponent demands, there is a deadlock.
After a deadlock, one of two things might happen, each with some chance:
(1) Negotiations might continue. In this case, you may make a new offer, your opponent may make a new demand, or either of you could start a war.
(2) A war might also start with some chance. We describe war on the next page.
War
Regardless of how a war starts, the winner of a war is determined by chance.
The chances of winning depend on both teams' war chests.
The team with the larger war chest is more likely to win.
The chance increases based on the ratio of war chests.
For example, if team A's war chest is twice the size of team B's, A is more likely to win.
If A's war chest is three times the size of B's, A's chance of winning is even greater.
If both teams have the same size war chest, both are equally likely to win.
But each team always has a real chance of winning a war.
Resolution of a Round
Negotiations continue until a round ends, which can happen in one of three ways:
(1) Successful negotiations.
You keep some of the units your team earned, but you lose the amount of units you offered to your opponent.
(2) War occurs, and you win.
You keep all the units your team earned, but you also lose the cost of war, 20 units.
(3) War occurs, and you lose
You lose all 100 units your team earned and the cost of war, for a total of 120 units.
The total units you owe are then subtracted from your war chest.
Summary of a Round
Everything we've discussed so far constitutes one round.
To summarize:
At the beginning of each round, 100 units are added to your team's war chest.
The opposing team disputes your claim to those units.
As your team's leader, you enter negotiations with the leader of the opposing team.
Negotiations end when either you offer more units than your opponent demands during a successful negotiation, one team declares war, or war begins by chance after a deadlock.
Regardless of how a round ends, your team will lose some amount: either the amount you offered during successful negotiations, or the cost of war if there was one, and possibly all 100 units if your team loses the war.
The Game
Your team plays against the same opposing team repeatedly.
The game has a random number of rounds, and your war chest continues to change throughout the game.
Compensation
You already earned $10 just for showing up, and you now have a chance to earn even more.
At the end of the game, one round will be selected at random.
As your team's leader, you will get 50% of the units your team earned in that round.
Your followers will split the remaining 50%.
If your team's earnings from that round are negative, no one on your team will owe anything. But you will also not earn anything more than the amount for showing up.
Units will be converted to US Dollars at a rate of $0.20 per unit.
All amounts will be rounded to the nearest cent.
Example of a Round of Play
The next few pages will show you examples of what can happen during a round.
This is an example, NOT a real round.
You will NOT win or lose money in this round.
This round is a chance for you to practice and see how the game works.
Please read the instructions and play the game using the steps we give you below.
After this example, there will be a short quiz, and then the game will start.
The red text on the following screens are instructions for the example round.
The instructions in red text will not appear during actual play.
Example of an Offer
Each round starts with a decision whether to make your opponent an offer or to declare war.
In this example round, please offer 50 of your units to your example opponent.
Your team has earned 100 new units. Your total war chest is now 1100 units.
The opposing team disputes your right to keep the new units you have just earned.
As leader of your team, please choose either to offer the leader of the opposing team some of your new units, or to declare war on the opposing team.
Please select "Do not declare war" below.
The negotiation slider appears when you hit the "Do not declare war" button and disappears when you select the "Declare war" button.
Please offer your opponent 50 units using the slider.
Please select 50 units
Example of Agreement
Here is what would happen if you and your opponent reached an agreement.
The leader of the opposing team demanded 50 of your team's units.
You offered the leader of the opposing team 50 of your team's units.
The amount you offered is greater than or equal to your opponent's demand, so there is an agreement.
Your team will pay 50 units. They have been deducted from your team's war chest.
In this example, you reached an agreement.
You will pay the opposing team 50 of your units.
If your opponent had demanded more than 50 units, or you had offered fewer than 50, there would have been deadlock.
The next page will show you what leads to deadlock.
Example of Deadlock
This time, please offer your opponent only 20 of your units.
Your team has earned 100 units. They have been added to your war chest.
But the opposing team disputes your right to keep those units.
As leader of your team, please choose either to offer the leader of the opposing team some of your units, or to declare war on the opposing team.
Please select "Do not declare war" below.
For this example, please select "Do not declare war" and offer your opponent 20 of your units.
Please select 20 units
Example of Deadlock
In this example round, you offered 20 units to your opponent, but your opponent demanded 50 units, which is more than you offered.
The leader of the opposing team demanded 50 of your team's units.
You offered the leader of the opposing team 20 of your team's units.
The amount you offered is less than your opponent's demand, so there is deadlock.
The next page will show you what happens after deadlock.
Example of War Happening by Chance
This page shows you what might happen after a deadlock.
Sometimes, after a deadlock, war may occur by chance.
Negotiations failed in the last round.
The deadlock has resulted in a war that was not deliberately started by either team.
Your team must pay the cost of war, 20 units.
The next page will show you what happens after a war starts.
Example of War Outcome
Wars can happen by chance or when a team leader chooses to start one.
Regardless of how a war starts, the winner of a war is determined by chance.
The team with more units in their war chest is more likely to win, but each team has a chance of winning.
In this example, your team wins the war.
Your team has won the war.
Your team will keep all 100 units, but you must still pay the cost of war, 20 units.
The cost of war has been deducted from your war chest.
This war started by chance, after a deadlock.
But deadlocks will not always result in a war by chance.
Instead, with some chance, you may have the opportunity to continuing negotiations.
The next page will show you what renegotiation looks like.
Example of Renegotiation
This page shows you what happens after a deadlock if a war does not occur by chance.
Negotiations failed in the last round.
As leader of your team, you now have a chance to renegotiate with the leader of the opposing team.
Please choose whether to offer the leader of the opposing team some of your units, or declare war.
Please select "Do not declare war" below.
Renegotiation looks much like the original offer screen.
You can make a new offer or declare a war.
For this example, please offer your opponent 40 units.
Please select 40 units
Example of Renegotiation
In this example, you offered 40 of your units to your opponent.
Let's suppose you and your opponent reach a deadlock and that you have a chance to renegotiate, but instead of making a new offer, you declare war.
The leader of the opposing team demanded 50 of your units.
You offered the leader of the opposing team 40 of your team's units.
The amount you offered is less than your opponent's demand, so there is deadlock.
Just like before, a war might happen by chance after a deadlock.
But in this example, war will not happen.
Instead, let's see what happens if you declare war.
Please go to the next page to see how to declare war on the other team.
Example of Declaring War
In negotiations, you always have a chance to either make another offer or to declare war.
In this example, let's suppose you declare war.
Negotiations failed in the last round.
As leader of your team, you now have a chance to renegotiate with the leader of the opposing team.
Please choose whether to offer the leader of the opposing team some of your units, or declare war.
Please declare war and continue to the next page.
Example of Declared War
In this example round, you declared war on your example opponent.
You declared war on the opposing team.
Your team must pay the cost of war, 20 units.
Of course, the leader of the opposing team also might declare war on your team.
Please go to the next page to see what it looks like when your opponent declares war on your team.
Example of Opposing Team Declaring War
In this example, let's suppose you offer 40 units.
Negotiations failed in the last round.
As leader of your team, you now have a chance to renegotiate with the leader of the opposing team.
Please choose whether to offer the leader of the opposing team some of your units, or declare war.
For this example, please select "Do not declare war" and offer your opponent 40 of your units.
Please offer your opponent 40 units.
Please select 40 units
Example of the Opposing Team Declaring War
In this example round, the opposing team declared war on you.
The leader of the opposing team declared war on your team.
Your team must pay the cost of war, 20 units.
Declared wars are resolved in the same way as those that start by chance.
Please go on to the next page.
End of Instructions
You have now seen examples of every page you might get throughout the game.
Please go to the next page to take a short quiz about how the game works.
Question 1
Will you be matched with a new opponent in every round?
The correct answer was No
Explanation: You will be matched with the same opponent for several rounds, the exact number
of which is selected at random.
Question 2
How many units will you get at the beginning of a round?
The correct answer was 100.
Explanation: At the beginning of every round, your war chest will increase by 100 units.
Question 3
Offers and demands can be any number in the range...
The correct answer was 0 to 100.
Explanation: Offers and demands can only be whole numbers between 0 and 100.
Question 4
If you offered your opponent 40 units, and your opponent demanded 30 units, will the round end?
The correct answer was Yes.
Explanation: A round ends in a successful negotiation when your offer is more than your opponent's demand.
Since 40 is more than 30, these negotiations would be successful, and the round would end.
Question 5
If a war occurs, the team with the larger war chest...
The correct answer was "is more likely to win".
Explanation: In war, the team with the larger war chest is always somewhat more likely to win than the team with the smaller war chest.
Question 6
If a war occurs, the team with the smaller war chest...
The correct answer was "has some chance to win".
Explanation: In war, both teams always have a real change of winning.
Question 7
During negotiations, what are your choices? (Select all that apply.)
The correct answers were "start a war" and "offer your opponent some of your units".
Explanation: Negotiations involve only two choices: making an offer to your opponent, or declaring war.
Question 8
Suppose that you offered your opponent 40 units, and your opponent demanded 30 units.
How many units will you pay your opponent at the end of the round?
The correct answer was "40 Units".
Explanation: Successful negotiations require you to pay the full amount you have offered. So, if you offered 40 units, you will pay 40 units.
Question 9
Suppose that a war occurs, and your opponent has twice as many units in their war chest as you have in yours.
If you win the war, then... (Select all that apply.)
The correct answers were "you pay the cost of the war" and "you keep all 100 units from the beginning of the round".
Explanation: Any time there is a war, both teams must pay the cost of war. The winner of the war also gets to keep the disputed units.
Question 10
Suppose that you offered your opponent 40 units, but your opponent demanded 50 units. What might happen next? (Select all that apply.)
The correct answers were "a war might happen by chance" and "the round continues with more negotiations".
Explanation: When you offer fewer units than your opponent demands, you have reached a deadlock.
Deadlocks can result either in renegotiation or in a war that happens by chance.
Question 11
At the end of the game, payment is calculated by selecting...
The correct answer was "a random round".
Explanation: Payment is based on how you played in a single, randomly chosen round.
If you had negative units in that round, you will not lose any money.
Question 12
How many rounds will you play with an opponent in one set of rounds?
The correct answer was "a randomly chosen number".
Explanation: The number of rounds will be a random number between 5 and 20.
Wait one moment!
You have completed the training. We are now sending you to the waiting
room to match you with other participants.